International Forays

It is international week at The 10b-5 Daily, with two more articles discussing the exporting of American-style class action litigation (including securities fraud cases). The New York Law Journal (via law.com – free regist. req’d) has a piece on pending legislation in the Netherlands that will allow for settlements that bind all members of a class who do not opt out. The author notes that the expansion of class actions in Europe is taking place at the same time that U.S. corporations are attempting to limit their use here. While over at Forbes, there is a profile of U.S. lawyers who are pursuing mass tort actions abroad.

Quote of note (New York Law Journal): Marc Gottridge of Lovells “does not foresee a sea change in the balance of class actions, despite the pending legislation in the Netherlands and elsewhere. ‘Even if foreign countries adopted the same procedures’ used in American courts, ‘the U.S. would still be an attractive forum in many cases’ for institutional investors based in Europe, he said. That is because of the U.S. system’s wide-reaching discovery, jury trials and the potential for immense punitive damage awards.”

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Cooking The Books

Long-time readers of The 10b-5 Daily know that this blog has been interested in South Korea’s efforts to establish a private securities class action system. As the deadline approaches for the new legislation to go into effect, financial regulators continue to weigh the costs and benefits. In this article from the Korea Times, the governor of the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) notes that securities class actions can be misused and discusses the prevalence of these suits in the U.S. Another article from the same paper, however, quotes a FSS official as stating: “It’s fair to say the imminent class action lawsuit has also kept companies from cooking their books.”

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Group Pleading

The New York Law Journal has an article (via law.com – free regist. req’d) on whether the group pleading doctrine, which creates a presumption that a company’s senior officers are collectively responsible for misrepresentations or omissions contained in public statements made by the company, is compatible with the heightened pleading standards of the PSLRA. The article discusses the Fifth Circuit’s decision in the INSpire case from earlier this year.

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Crossroads Settles

Crossroads Systems, Inc. (Nasdaq: CRDS), an Austin-based provider of storage networking solutions, has announced the preliminary settlement of the securities class action pending against the company in the W.D. of Tex. The suit was originally filed in 2001 and alleges that the company made misstatements about the capabilities of its router products and financial results. In a decision earlier this year, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit partially reversed a grant of summary judgment for the defendants. The settlement is for $4.35 million, with $3.35 million to be paid by Crossroads’ insurance carriers.

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Second Circuit Declines To Revive Time-Barred Claims

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 extends the statute of limitations for federal securities fraud to the earlier of two years after the discovery of the facts constituting the violation or five years after the violation. Although the legislation clearly provides that it “shall apply to all proceedings addressed by this section that are commenced on or after the date of enactment of this Act [July 30, 2002],” left unresolved is whether Congress intended to revive claims that had already expired under the earlier one year/three years statute of limitations.

A growing majority of district courts has held that these claims must be dismissed. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit agrees. In In re Enterprise Mortgage Acceptance Co., LLC, Sec. Litig., 2004 WL 2785776 (2nd Cir. Dec. 6, 2004), the court, which combined a number of cases presenting this issue into one decision, held that Congress did not clearly provide or intend for retroactive application of the new statute of limitations. Accordingly, the court declined to revive any previously time-barred claims. (Note that this issue is also currently before the Eleventh Circuit.)

Holding: Dismissals affirmed.

Addition: In reaching its decision, the Second Circuit took judicial notice of the amicus brief filed by the SEC in the AIG Asian Infrastructure case, which urged the court to hold that Sarbanes-Oxley revived previously time-barred claims. The court rejected the SEC’s position and noted that the SEC was not entitled to any deference on the issue given that the new statute of limitations is only applicable to private actions, and not to SEC enforcement actions.

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Two On Falsity

Two circuit court opinions were issued last week affirming dismissals based on the plaintiffs’ failure to adequately plead that any false or misleading statements were made.

In the 8th Circuit case, In re Amdocs Ltd. Sec. Litig., 2004 WL 2735530 (8th Cir. Dec. 2, 2004), the court held that the “bespeaks caution” doctrine rendered Amdocs’ statements about its customer demand immaterial as a matter of law because the statements were accompanied by warnings of market erosion.

In the 4th Circuit case, Nolte v. Capital One Financial Corp., 2004 WL 2749867 (4th Cir. Dec. 2, 2004), the court held that the plaintiffs had failed to adequately allege that Capital One’s management did not believe its stated opinions about the sufficiency of the company’s reserves and computer infrastructure. Moreover, the plaintiffs could not rely on a memorandum of understanding with federal regulators that required Capital One to make prospective changes to its business to establish that the company’s past practices were deficient.

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Is A Billion Dollars In Stock Sales Significant?

Insider stock sales are often used by plaintiffs to establish that the individual defendants had a motive to artificially inflate the company’s stock price. As a general matter, however, courts have held that insider stock sales cannot create an inference of fraudulent intent if the defendants only sold a small percentage of their overall holdings.

In its recent decision in Nursing Home Pension Fund, Local 144 v. Oracle Corp., 380 F.3d 1226 (9th Cir. 2004), the Ninth Circuit purported to discover an exception to the rule. Larry Ellison, the CEO of Oracle, was alleged to have sold only 2.1% of his holdings during the class period, but that amounted to almost $900 million in proceeds. The court held that “where, as here, stock sales result in a truly astronomical figure, less weight should be given to the fact that they may represent a small portion of the defendant’s holdings.” But is that a sensible exception?

The Delaware Court of Chancery, which addressed the exact same stock sales in its recent summary judgment decision in In re Oracle Corp. Derivative Litigation, C.A. No. 18751 (Del. Ch. Dec. 2, 2004), appears to disagree. The court found that “however wealthy Ellison is and however envious that may make some, the fact remains that Ellison sold only 2% of his Oracle holdings. Ellison remained the person with more equity at stake in Oracle than anyone anywhere. Plaintiffs continually emphasize the nearly $1 billion that he made on the sale, but ignore the roughly $18.9 billion in equity that he lost in the ensuing share price collapse.” In other words, a billion dollars in stock sales may be significant for most people, but not necessarily for everyone.

Addition: The Delaware Court of Chancery’s decision can be found here. Thanks to Adam Savett for the link.

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Biotech Woes Continue

The New York Law Journal has an article (via law.com – free regist. req’d) on the wave of securities class actions that have hit the biotech industry. (The 10b-5 Daily has previously posted about the relevant 2003 filing statistics.) The article discusses a recent law firm survey and profiles several prominent cases, including the litigation brought against ImClone Systems and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

Quote of note: “The biggest concern for a life science company involves its handling of news related to its prominent drug. In an industry that relies on investors to fork over millions to high-risk investments, life science companies position themselves to attract investment dollars. In such an industry, companies must navigate carefully.”

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Oracle Obtains Dismissal In Derivative Suit

Although Oracle has had its hands full fighting off securities litigation, including a recent setback when the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the lower court’s dismissal of the federal securities class action brought against the company, things may be looking up. Reuters reports that Oracle has obtained a dismissal of the shareholder derivative suit brought against the company’s officers in Delaware Chancery Court. The facts and accusations in the Delaware case reportedly “mirror” those in the federal securities class action.

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Europe Gets Litigious

In the wake of recent corporate scandals, European courts have become flooded with individual shareholder suits. A Bloomberg article discusses the Deutsche Telekom litigation in Germany, where 2,100 claims have been filed by 754 law firms. Last February, the company delivered 8 tons of paperwork in response to the complaints. All of this has European courts and legislators contemplating whether they should permit shareholders to file securities class actions.

Quote of note: “Countries from the Netherlands to Finland have changed their laws or are considering changes to permit investors and consumers to file multi-party complaints. The goal is to help cope with shareholder suits and product liability cases that can attract thousands of plaintiffs.”

Quote of note II: “‘Europe wasn’t litigious until about five years ago, but then we started to get Americanized,’ says Paul Bowden, a 49-year-old partner at the law firm of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer in London. ‘Consumer associations have become more powerful and willing to push lawsuits, and there is a growing number of small law firms with young, ambitious lawyers who have learned a lot from the U.S.'”

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