Whose Job Is It?

In a feature article this past weekend, the Washington Post addressed the issue of investor restitution for securities fraud. The article discusses some of the recent enormous settlements with regulators (e.g. the $1.4 billion settlement with the New York Attorney General over biased research reports) and concludes that the “problems with investor restitution are simple — there is never enough money to go around — and complicated — it can be difficult to determine who should get what little money there is.” The article also touches on another difficult problem, how to reconcile the SEC’s new powers to collect settlement funds for allocation to investors with private securities litigation.

Quote of note: “The SEC is asking Congress for the power to seize more assets from wrongdoers who otherwise might shelter them under the protection of state bankruptcy laws and for the ability to hire outside law firms to help it collect payments. A House bill [the Securities Fraud Deterrence and Investor Restitution Act] that would give the SEC that authority is pending before the Judiciary Committee. Former SEC staffer [Mercer E.] Bullard said the public shouldn’t demand that the agency invest a substantial portion of its resources into collecting penalties from wrongdoers. He said that is a task better suited to plaintiff lawyers.”

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Settlement Roundup (i2 And Raytheon)

The Citigroup settlement may have gotten all of the headlines, but last week was bookended by two other significant settlements.

i2 Technologies, Inc. (OTC: ITWO), a Dallas-based provider of closed-loop supply chain management solutions, announced on Monday the preliminary settlement of the securities class actions (and related derivative lawsuits) pending against the company in the N.D. of Tex. The original suit, first filed in March 2001, alleges that the company made false and misleading statements concerning the characteristics and implementation of certain software products. A second set of class actions were filed starting in April 2003 relating to the company’s 2003 financial restatement.

The settlement is for $84.85 million ($43 million from the company’s insurance carriers and $41.85 million from the company). Interestingly, i2 also announced that to help fund its portion of the settlement, “the company has entered into definitive agreements providing for the issuance and sale by i2 of $22 million of common stock to certain individual defendants in the lawsuits.”

Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN), a Massachusetts-based leading defense contractor, announced on Thursday the preliminary settlement of the securities class action pending against the company in the D. of Mass. The suit, originally filed in 1999 and about to go to trial, alleges that Raytheon made false and misleading statements concerning its financial performance.

The settlement is valued at $410 million (a cash payment of $210 million and warrants for Raytheon stock with a stipulated value of $200 million). Although Raytheon apparently has yet to reach an agreement with its insurance carriers, the company stated that it “expects to receive insurance proceeds of $75 million in connection with the settlement.”

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Cornerstone And Stanford Release Report On Filings In 2003

Cornerstone Research and the Stanford Law School Securities Class Action Clearinghouse have released a report on federal securities class action filings in 2003. The findings include:

(1) Securities class actions (not including IPO allocation, analyst research, or mutual fund trading practices cases) declined by 22% between 2002 and 2003, falling from 225 to 175 filings.

(2) Companies sued in 2003 lost more than $540 billion in market capitalization, down from $1.9 trillion in 2002.

(3) There were fewer huge cases. In 2003, there were 14 filings in which the defendant companies lost more than $10 billion in market capitalization. In 2002, there were 40 filings with this type of market capitalization loss.

(4) The top three circuits in number of filings in 2003 were the Second Circuit (37 filings), the Ninth Circuit (34 filings), and the Eleventh Circuit (21 filings).

(5) Insider trading by corporate defendants was alleged in 33% of the 2003 filings (as compared to 26% in 2002).

(6) Auditors and underwriters were named as defendants in a very small percentage of all filings both in 2002 and 2003.

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“What Do You Have To Have? Pictures?”

The 11th Circuit (Florida, Georgia, Alabama) is a tough place to bring a successful securities class action. That appears to be the conclusion of a Miami Daily Business Review feature article (via law.com – regist. req’d) on the topic. The article notes that a recent NERA report found that 10 percent of the securities class actions filed in the 11th Circuit since the passage of the PSLRA have been dismissed within two years – tied for second place among all circuits. The article also profiles some prominent cases.

Quote of note: A plaintiffs’ attorney in Florida contended “that the 11th Circuit’s standard for inferring intent to defraud — as set out in the 11th Circuit’s 1999 decision Bryant v. Avado — has ‘heightened the pleading requirements beyond the intent of Congress. Motive and opportunity and damages are not enough [in the 11th Circuit],’ [the plaintiffs’ attorney] said. ‘What do you have to have? Pictures? You almost need an insider to get to discovery.'”

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Competing With Gusto

The Wall Street Journal has an article (subscrip. req’d) on the lead plaintiff hearing held last week in the mutual fund trading practices cases. (The 10b-5 Daily has posted about the cases frequently, most recently on speculation that the settlements could total $1 billion.)

Quote of note: “‘Nobody should expect to get rich off this case,’ said U.S. District Judge J. Frederick Motz in early April. ‘If there is any recovery, the great bulk of the recovery should go to those who were injured, not to their lawyers, particularly in light of the fact that so much of the underlying investigative work has already been done by public authorities,’ he added. ‘Any of you who have expressed an interest as being appointed as plaintiffs’ counsel are forewarned that we mean what we say. You may wish to reconsider your request for appointment in light of this observation.’ The admonishment did little good. Six dozen lawyers showed up at last week’s hearing to angle for a lead counsel spot.”

Quote of note II: “Legislation passed by Congress in 1995 and affirmed in court rulings dictate that plaintiffs with the largest financial stake in a case should get lead-plaintiff status, which usually makes their lawyers lead counsel. But it isn’t always clear which investor suffered most, especially when there are different ways of showing harm. In the mutual-fund cases, lawyers presented myriad formulas to make their clients look like the biggest losers.”

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Cornerstone Releases Report On Settlements

Cornerstone Research has released an updated report on post-Reform Act settlements of securities class actions through 2003. The findings include:

(1) Of the 96 settlements in 2003, almost 85% were for less than $20 million. Five cases settled for more than $100 million.

(2) 20% of post-Reform Act settlements have involved Section 11 or 12(a)(2) claims and median settlements as a percentage of “estimated damages” are significantly higher for these cases.

(3) Approximately 30% of post-Reform Act settlements have involved institutions serving as lead plaintiffs (as compared to approximately 15% before the Reform Act). After controlling for various factors, the report finds that settlement amounts are higher in these cases.

(4) Less than 15% of post-Reform Act cases have been accompanied by the filing of a derivative action.

Cornerstone’ also announced that its report on securities class action filings for 2003 (done jointly with Stanford Law School’s Securities Class Action Clearinghouse) will be released shortly.

Addition: The New York Law Journal (via law.com – regist. req’d) has an article on the report.

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More On The Citigroup Settlement

There is extensive press coverage today of Citigroup’s $2.65 billion settlement in the WorldCom case. Some highlights:

Additional Settlements – The Wall Street Journal (subscrip. req’d) reports that the lead plaintiff has given the other defendant banks in the WorldCom litigation 45 days to settle under the same formula used by Citigroup. If the banks agree, they would pay about $2.8 billion to bond investors.

Allocation – The Associated Press reports that, according to the lead plaintiff in the case, Citibank’s payment will be allocated with $1.45 billion to bondholders and $1.2 billion to shareholders.

Attorneys’ Fees – The Wall Street Journal (subscrip. req’d) and the London Evening Standard report that the complex attorneys’ fees arrangement in the case may result in fees of around $140 million for the plaintiffs’ firms handling the litigation.

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“We Want To Put The Entire Era Behind Us”

Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C) has announced a settlement of the claims against the company in the WorldCom litigation. Citigroup will make a payment of $2.65 billion, or $1.64 billion after tax, to be allocated between class period purchasers of WorldCom stock and WorldCom bonds. According to the press release, the path to settlement became easier last Thursday when New York State Comptroller Alan Hevesi, who oversees the lead plaintiff in the case, agreed to face-to-face discussions. Citigroup also announced that after settling the WorldCom claims it will have a “litigation reserve” of $6.7 billion on a pre-tax basis to address other legal matters, including the Enron securities class action.

News coverage can be found in Bloomberg, Reuters, and the New York Times.

Quote of note (Bloomberg): “Chief Executive Officer Charles Prince said Citigroup faced claims seeking $54 billion in the WorldCom lawsuit. ‘We made a $1.64 billion insurance policy to avoid a roll of the dice in front of a jury,’ Prince said on a conference call with investors. ‘We want to put the entire era behind us.'”

Quote of note II (Bloomberg): “Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, Citigroup’s largest individual shareholder, said Prince and Citigroup Chairman Sanford Weill called him this morning and he told them ‘I’m backing them all the way. If this was to go to court it would be so big, God help us,’ Alwaleed said. ‘The trend in the U.S. and New York is against corrupt practices. Look at Martha Stewart.'”

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Ten Years Is A Long Time

According to a Reuters article, the CFO of Royal Ahold has told a Dutch newspaper that the U.S. securities class actions brought against the company in the aftermath of its recent accounting scandal could “‘last long, even 10 years is possible.'” Complicating the situation, Royal Ahold’s D&O insurance carrier has served the company with a court summons in an attempt “to terminate the Directors, Officers and Corporate Liability policy of $100 million for Ahold’s U.S. Foodservice subsidiary where much of the profit overstatements took place in 2002.” (The 10b-5 Daily has posted about this case before, most recently concerning the court’s discovery decision issued last March.)

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TALX Settles

TALX, Corp. (Nasdaq: TALX), a St. Louis-based business process outsourcer of payroll data-centric services, has announced the preliminary settlement of the securities class action pending against the company in the E.D. of Mo. The case, originally filed in December 2001, alleges that TALX made misleading statements that did not properly account for certain software and inventory, did not reflect certain write-offs, and did not accurately disclose certain business prospects. The settlement is for $5.75 million and will be paid by TALX’s insurance carriers.

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